SC Allows NFRA Continue Disciplinary Powers over CA’s Upheld

SC Allows NFRA to Continue Disciplinary Proceedings Against CAs & Audit Firms

Honrable Supreme Court of India has permitted the NFRA to continue regulatory and disciplinary proceedings against chartered accountants, even in cases where an AQRR was not prepared.

This decision came in response to a petition by the NFRA against Snehal N. Muzoomdar & Anr, where the core issue was the scope of NFRA’s powers to initiate and sustain disciplinary actions against auditors.

Background & Key Issue in the case NFRA vs. Snehal N. Muzoomdar & Anr: 

• Whether NFRA can initiate and continue disciplinary proceedings against auditors even without first preparing an Audit Quality Review Report (AQRR).
• The Supreme Court has allowed the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) to continue disciplinary proceedings against CAs & audit firms, even if Audit Quality Review Reports were not prepared. However, NFRA has been directed not to issue final orders for now. Any final orders already passed shall not be given effect until further directions from the Court.
• The NFRA filed an appeal against a Delhi High Court judgment delivered by Justices Yashwant Varma and Dharmesh Sharma.The Delhi HC had raised concerns about NFRA’s structural independence, particularly about separating audit reviews from disciplinary actions. The Delhi HC had directed fresh evaluations in 11 cases.

NFRA’s Argument:

• NFRA contended that the Delhi HC judgment conflicted with earlier rulings of NCLAT & Supreme Court itself.
• Citing the T.K. Harish (DHFL) case, NFRA pointed out that In the DHFL fraud case (₹31,000 crore alleged siphoning; ₹3,700 crore bank fraud), the SC allowed proceedings against branch auditors. Yet, the Delhi HC quashed proceedings against another engagement partner, creating inconsistency.

The Supreme Court’s ruling clarified that

• NFRA’s regulatory jurisdiction over auditors is not dependent on the preparation of an Audit Quality Review Report, NFRA is empowered to continue disciplinary proceedings even if an AQRR has not been prepared.
• The absence of an AQRR does not restrict NFRA’s ability to conduct investigations and misconduct or impose penalties on auditors take disciplinary actions under the Companies Act, 2013. The Companies Act, 2013 empowers NFRA to ensure audit quality and discipline auditors independently.
• NFRA has the authority to enforce high auditing and accounting standards, and discipline errant auditors to uphold public interest and financial integrity. The Court emphasized that audit regulation and enforcement mechanisms are crucial for protecting public interest, maintaining trust in financial reporting, and ensuring corporate governance.

Interim Relief:  

NFRA can continue investigations but cannot pass final orders until further instructions. This interim step maintains the regulatory oversight, while ensuring fairness until the Supreme Court’s final verdict.

What Happens Next: Broader Implications:

• ICAI’s role remains important but NFRA has overriding statutory powers when it comes to listed and large public interest entities. The final judgment of the Supreme Court is eagerly awaited. It is likely to set a major precedent regarding:

• • The regulatory structure for auditors in India,
  • The scope of National Financial Reporting Authority’s powers,
  • The compliance obligations of CAs and audit firms.
• The outcome could reshape audit oversight and accountability in India’s financial system. National Financial Reporting Authority’s regulatory independence has been strengthened. NFRA can investigate auditors even without AQRRs. No final orders to be issued or implemented for now. Final Supreme Court ruling will define NFRA’s long-term powers.
• Chartered accountants and audit firms must be more vigilant about compliance, knowing that NFRA can act directly without being restricted by procedural technicalities like Audit Quality Review Report preparation. This judgment reinforces National Financial Reporting Authority’s position as a powerful independent regulator overseeing the audit profession, beyond the traditional oversight by the ICAI.