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This clarification from the CBDT on the application of the Principal Purpose Test under amended tax treaties provides much-needed relief to foreign investors, especially those relying on the grandfathering provisions of agreements with Mauritius, Cyprus, and Singapore.
The Principal Purpose Test, part of the OECD’s Multilateral Instrument, is designed to prevent tax avoidance through treaty abuse. It denies treaty benefits if one of the principal purposes of a transaction or arrangement was to gain tax benefits, unless consistent with the treaty’s objectives.
This clarification ensures a fair balance between implementing global tax standards and maintaining investor trust. It’s a significant step in fostering a stable tax environment for foreign investments. Ensure all future investments comply with the Principal Purpose Test rule and have genuine commercial substance. Review pre-2017 investments for any risk exposure under the Principal Purpose Test. Pay close attention to the notification and implementation of the amended tax treaties starting Financial Year 2025-26.
This guidance should help streamline cross-border investment flows while keeping tax compliance in check. If you’re a stakeholder, are you feeling reassured by this move, or does the fact-based scrutiny still seem concerning?
The Delhi ITAT’s ruling in SC Lowy P.I. (LUX) S.A.R.L. vs. ACIT marks a significant precedent regarding the Principal Purpose Test & tax treaty benefits. This detailed analysis highlights the growing importance of commercial substance and economic rationale in determining eligibility for tax treaty benefits under the evolving tax landscape in India, particularly with the introduction of the Principal Purpose Test & General Anti-Avoidance Rules.
Tax Residency Certificate: Indian courts and the Central Board of Direct Taxes have consistently upheld that possessing a valid TRC is sufficient proof of residency and eligibility for treaty benefits. However, the tax authorities are increasingly adopting a substance-over-form approach to challenge tax treaty benefits claimed by entities.
Principal Purpose Test Impact: The Principal Purpose Test, introduced via the Multilateral Instrument, allows authorities to deny treaty benefits if a key purpose of a transaction or structure is to obtain those benefits. Taxpayers must now justify their commercial rationale and substance to avoid scrutiny under Principal Purpose Test.
With Principal Purpose Test and General Anti-Avoidance Rules being relatively new, this ruling offers clarity and reassurance to taxpayers with genuine business structures. Taxpayers should:
The ITAT ruling reinforces the principle that economic substance and bona fide business activity outweigh mere formalities. Courts are likely to adopt a nuanced approach, distinguishing between genuine structures and arrangements created solely for treaty shopping.
The taxpayer was held eligible for benefits under the India-Luxembourg Tax Treaty. Specific rulings: Business income from securitization trusts and capital gains on debentures/bonds are exempt. Interest income is taxable at the treaty rate of 10%.
Implications: The ruling is a precedent-setting judgment for cross-border investments, especially in light of evolving tax rules under PPT and General Anti-Avoidance Rules. It offers a roadmap for foreign investors and portfolio entities to navigate the complexities of claiming tax treaty benefits while ensuring compliance with Indian tax laws. For taxpayers with legitimate business models, this judgment is a positive step toward reducing litigation risks.
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